Hematologic, Immunologic, and Neoplastic Disorders Practice Test

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• A 30-year-old presents with pallor, fatigue, pancytopenia, and a hypocellular bone marrow. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• For PRBC transfusion, which action is appropriate when starting the transfusion?
• Common adverse effects of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents.
• Imatinib: mechanism and primary indication.
• During a vaso-occlusive crisis in a child with sickle cell disease, which intervention most improves tissue perfusion?
• Immune thrombocytopenia commonly presents after which event?
• Flow cytometry in leukemia/lymphoma classification primarily provides immunophenotyping to identify which of the following?
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is best described as what?
• Which statement describes iron deficiency anemia treatment?
• Which condition is most commonly evaluated by ferritin levels as an indicator?
• In anemia, which test result would typically be decreased?
• In a 10-year-old with Hemophilia A who has not received factor for a year and experiences head trauma, which complication is most likely?
• CAR-T cell therapy: concept and approved indications.
• What is the normal hematocrit range?
• Hyperviscosity symptoms in this disorder can include which of the following? (Choose the best specific symptom listed)
• Normal prothrombin time (PT) range?
• Which presentation signs are typical in leukemia?
• Which intervention is commonly used in the care of a child with sickle cell disease?
• CAR-T cell therapy typically targets which B-cell antigen?
• What is the first-line therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?
• What is the classic triad of acute graft-versus-host disease manifestations?
• In addition to bone pain, which symptom is commonly reported with Ewing sarcoma?
• In a splenic sequestration crisis, what happens to the blood?
• Which biomarkers are used in staging myeloma with the ISS system?
• In SCID, which lymphocyte development is defective?
• Doug, 12, experiences frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and blood in the urine; his parents discourage him from contact sports due to his condition. Which disorder best explains his symptoms?
• Which of the following lists common bleeding manifestations in ITP?
• For administering liquid oral iron to a child, which method is recommended to avoid staining the teeth?
• WBC counts decline after how many hours post-birth?
• By about how long do WBC counts stabilize after birth?
• DIC is defined as what, and name two common triggers?
• What is the Lugano classification used for?
• What defines the Ann Arbor staging A vs B in lymphoma?
• Which laboratory finding will be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?
• Which item is commonly addressed in post-operative education for osteosarcoma?
• What is the normal platelet count range?
• Which is a common symptom of anemia in children?
• What is the normal hematocrit range?
• A common skin complication seen in sickle cell disease is which of the following?
• Which renal manifestations are typical of sickle cell disease?
• A 60-year-old presents with fatigue and macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils. What is the most likely deficiency and the initial confirmatory test?
• Differentiate PT/INR and aPTT in terms of pathways assessed and clinical uses?
• Which tumor markers are associated with pancreatic and ovarian cancers?
• Vaccines in immunocompromised patients: which vaccines are contraindicated?
• In sickle cell disease, hydroxyurea is used to reduce the frequency of which complication?
• Normal thrombin time (TT) range?
• Hyperviscosity syndrome in Waldenström macroglobulinemia is most commonly due to which immunoglobulin?
• A patient has microcytic anemia with low ferritin and high TIBC. What is the most likely diagnosis and first-line treatment?
• In the leukemia diagnostic process, which action is appropriate to include?
• What is a core component of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment?
• What is the normal hemoglobin range?
• Which feature distinguishes Hodgkin lymphoma from most non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
• Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone; usually the femur; what are typical presenting features?
• Which factors place this patient at increased risk for injury?
• Five-year-old Roxy presents with failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, oral candidiasis, and diarrhea. Which diagnosis best fits these findings?
• Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction vs acute hemolytic transfusion reaction: distinguishing features.
• During neutropenic precautions, what is the best response to a visitor bringing garden flowers?
• In caring for a child with hemophilia, which history finding would you expect?
• MGUS vs smoldering myeloma: which statement is correct?
• Acute chest syndrome is a serious complication most commonly seen in which disorder?
• For splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease, which treatment is listed?
• A 4-year-old with a swollen abdomen and good appetite is most likely to have which diagnosis?
• In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), what is the major immunologic defect and the standard treatment approach?
• In immune thrombocytopenia, platelets are typically less than which value?
• Which statement best differentiates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• Koilonychia (concave nailbeds) is a classic sign of which condition in children?
• What is a recognized strategy to reduce painful crises in sickle cell disease?
• Reed-Sternberg cells on biopsy are characteristic of which lymphoma?
• Which coagulation test is typically prolonged in hemophilia?
• An older child with immunodeficiency and oral candidiasis is most concerning for which diagnosis?
• Which statement correctly identifies the interpretation of an ANC of 480 cells/µL?
• In chronic myeloid leukemia, which translocation is characteristic and what drug targets it?
• Normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) range?
• Which of the following is a non-CRAB feature in plasma cell disorders?
• Which nursing action is appropriate for a child with thrombocytopenia?
• Which finding is most characteristic of aplastic anemia?
• During a well-child exam, a 3-year-old girl with known hearing loss and developmental delays lives in an old house with copper pipes and chipped paint. She reports abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and headaches. What condition is suspected?
• Which finding may be present in Wilms tumor?
• Alpha-thalassemia is most commonly found in which geographic regions?
• Which finding supports increased intracranial pressure in an adolescent with head injury?
• HIV infection progression and impact of antiretroviral therapy.
• What cells are pathognomonic on biopsy for Hodgkin lymphoma?
• Which infection-control practice is appropriate for a leukemia patient to reduce infection risk?
• What is the priority nursing care for this patient with Hemophilia A presenting with head trauma?
• Which description best captures bone involvement in sickle cell disease?
• What is von Willebrand disease and how is it diagnosed?
• Which laboratory finding is most associated with acute intravascular transfusion reaction?
• Which tests assess the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, respectively?
• What is an appropriate approach when preparing a child for a bone marrow aspiration?
• Sickle cell disease pathophysiology: what mutation and what is the most common acute hospitalization cause in adults?
• Which care practice would you anticipate when planning the shift for a child with leukemia?
• A 12-month-old presents with poor muscle tone, irritability, concave nailbeds, and edema. Which disorder is most consistent with these findings?
• Which finding is common in iron deficiency anemia?
• Which immunophenotype is characteristic of CLL?
• Iron studies in anemia of chronic disease show which pattern?
• Iron studies pattern in iron deficiency anemia shows which combination?
• Why is vitamin K administered at birth?
• How do ferritin and transferrin saturation help distinguish anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia?
• Which statement about tumor lysis syndrome pathophysiology is NOT true?
• Which agent is an alternative to allopurinol for uric acid control in tumor lysis syndrome?
• Vaccination considerations for immunocompromised patients and household contacts are best described as:
• Auer rods are associated with which leukemia and what do they indicate?
• Which sport should be encouraged for safe participation after stabilization of a patient with Hemophilia A?
• RBC levels decline to approximately what range by 2-3 months of age?
• Adult hematologic levels for RBCs are reached during which period?
• Which of the following is a precipitating factor for a sickle cell crisis?
• ABO transfusion incompatibility: typical reaction timing and presentation?
• Which statement about absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is true?
• Which statement best describes the role of hydration in preventing crises in sickle cell disease?
• Which laboratory test most directly assesses the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
• Which laboratory pattern indicates hemolysis with intravascular involvement (low haptoglobin, high LDH, high indirect bilirubin, reticulocytosis)?
• Beta-thalassemia is most commonly found in which regions?
• Explain the mechanism and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
• In managing a child with sickle cell disease, which therapy would you include?
• What are the two major categories of lymphoma and a hallmark difference between them?
• Which statement accurately describes the inheritance of hemophilia A and B?
• The therapeutic management of children with sickle cell disease primarily consists of which of the following?
• Which statement about hemophilia care is true?
• Which triad best describes extremity symptoms in sickle cell disease?
• Which presentation is typical for Hodgkin lymphoma in a adolescent?
• During chemotherapy administration for leukemia, which action is appropriate?
• Jenai was bitten by a tick and now has petechiae, blood in the stool, and spontaneous nosebleeds; labs show a decreased platelet count. Which disorder is most likely?
• The nurse calculates the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) using Band percent plus Seg percent times total WBC. If the CBC shows WBC 1.5 x 10^3/µL with bands 3% and seg 29%, what is the ANC and classification?
• Which condition is characterized by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow?
• In suspected vitamin B12 deficiency, which additional lab finding supports the diagnosis besides low serum B12?
• Which statement best defines anemia?
• In managing sickle cell disease, which measure is central to reducing crises?
• Which leukemia is most common in children?
• Ewing sarcoma most commonly involves which bone?
• During a PRBC transfusion, which monitoring step is recommended in the first minutes of the infusion?
• In sickle cell disease, which organ and finding is described by infarcts leading to fibrosis and increased infection risk?
• Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease is typically triggered by which factor?
• Features of X-linked agammaglobulinemia: which immunoglobulins are reduced and typical age of presentation?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical presenting finding in hemophilia?
• Normal fibrinogen range?
• What is the mechanism by which allopurinol helps prevent uric acid buildup in tumor lysis syndrome?
• Graft-versus-host disease: what is it and which transplant setting carries the highest risk?
• Spleen involvement in sickle cell disease is characterized by infarcts leading to fibrosis and increased infection risk. Which option reflects this description?
• Which statement about clotting factor levels in infancy is true?
• In Lugano staging, which imaging modality is used for response assessment?
• What happens to the red blood cell count after the newborn begins breathing air?
• A patient with bone pain, anemia, and renal impairment has an M-protein spike on SPEP. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which statement about the role of PET-CT in lymphoma response assessment is true?
• How does the Lugano staging system differ from Ann Arbor for lymphomas?
• Which practice supports activity tolerance in a child with sickle cell disease?
• Name two major beta/thalassemia types and typical geographic prevalence.
• What is the hallmark serum protein electrophoresis finding in multiple myeloma?
• Which diagnostic procedure is used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid in leukemia evaluation?
• Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of thrombocytopenia in a child?
• Which statement about platelet levels in newborns is true?
• In thrombocytopenia, what is the typical prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold?
• Vitamin K is required for synthesis of which clotting factors?
• Which statement describes the typical presentation and immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)?
• In sickle cell disease, which ocular complication is commonly observed?
• In sickle cell disease, cerebrovascular accidents involve which organ primarily?
• A 4-year-old with decreased leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes was admitted for a chicken pox infection that will not go away. Which diagnosis best fits these findings?
• M-spike on serum protein electrophoresis indicates which type of disease?
• Which chromosomal translocation is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia?
• Rituximab: target and a major infection risk.
• What is the best initial nursing action when a child with Hemophilia A presents with a concussion?
• Prolonged anemia in pediatric patients may present with which combination?
• Where is hematopoiesis occurring at birth?
• Which assessment should be avoided if Wilms tumor is suspected?
• Which of the following is a common sign of iron deficiency anemia in infants?
• In early life, when is the WBC count highest?
• During rounds, a pediatric patient awaiting a bone marrow biopsy has a low reticulocyte count and thrombocytopenia. Which diagnosis is most consistent with these findings?
• Tonya is a 16-year-old African American girl with pain in both hands, chest pain, fever, and moderate respiratory distress; she is receiving IV hydration and hydroxyurea. Which disorder does she most likely have?
• What is the normal range for red blood cell count in a healthy child?
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia hallmark and its clinical consequence is best described as which of the following?
• Which targeted therapy is used to treat CML by inhibiting BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase?
• In infants, cow's milk should be limited until at least what age?
• Which of the following is a CRAB feature of multiple myeloma?
• Which symptom would you most likely report in a child with a suspected cancer diagnosis?
• Which statement is true regarding iron deficiency anemia management in infants?
• Which statement correctly describes initial management of tumor lysis syndrome?
• Platelet transfusion refractoriness is most commonly due to what?
• Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a chronic disease causing anemia?
• Reticulocyte production index interpretation in anemia states which of the following is correct?
• Priapism in sickle cell disease is an emergency because it can cause tissue damage due to microcirculatory obstruction. Which statement is true?
• Which drug is a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in CML?